Sustainable adaptation measures for permanent crops

Application of compost

Application of manures

Techniques for reducing erosion

Pruning during growth period

Late winter pruning

Whitening of vines

Implementation of hedges

Hail protection nets

Move farm to cooler areas

Use of the most efficient irrigation system

Promoting water stress from veraison to harvest

Use of decision-support tools for irrigation

Introduce deficit irrigation

Use of native varieties

Introduction of foreign varieties adapted to local climate conditions

Explore genetic variability of native varieties

Explore grafting and rootstock combinations

Change in wine profile

Focus on quality production instead of quantity

Changes in the Indication of Origin requirements

Source grapes from cooler areas

Coupage of different wines/varieties

Corrective measures during processing